Terminal efficiency, Lag and dropout in cohorts from 2007 to 2014 of dental students at the University of Costa Rica / Eficiencia terminal, rezago y abandono en las cohortes del 2007 al 2014 de estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidad de Costa Rica

Abstract Determine the terminal efficiency, lag and dropout in the cohorts of students who entered the dentistry career at the Faculty of Dentistry at University of Costa Rica in the lapse 2007 to 2014. Data from 736 files were collected. The variables considered were sex, admission age, nationality, marital status, children, admission note, domicile and high school. The data was collected from the Student Application System, the physical files, and the data base from the Supreme Court of Elections of Costa Rica. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate analysis were made, which were implemented from two logistic regression models. 98% of the students were Costa Rican, 68% women, 79% entered according to the admission note, 43% entered with an age of 18 years or less, 50% came from a public school, 77% resided in the Greater Metropolitan Area and 95% were single and remained without children. The average terminal efficiency was 6%; 46% of students have graduated with lag, 16% are still enrolled and 32% dropped out. Sex, age, admission note, and motherhood are sociodemographic variables that are associated with terminal efficiency and dropout. The average terminal efficiency in the cohorts from 2007 to 2014 in the courses at the Faculty of Dentistry University of Costa Rica was very low, almost half of the students graduated with lag and about a third dropped out the studies. The grade from the admission note seems to be a predictor of students'academic behavior, higher grade had more chances of graduating and less likely to dropout.

Resumen Determinar la eficiencia terminal, el rezago y el abandono en las cohortes de los estudiantes que ingresaron a la carrera de Odontología de la Facultad de Odontología UCR en el período 2007 al 2014. Se recopilaron los datos de 736 expedientes. Las variables consideradas fueron: sexo, edad de ingreso, nacionalidad, estado civil, hijos, lugar y colegio de procedencia, y nota de examen de admisión. Los datos se recopilaron del Sistema de Aplicaciones Estudiantiles, los expedientes físicos y del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones de Costa Rica. Se realizó estadística descriptiva, análisis bivariado y multivariado que se implementó a partir de dos modelos de regresión logística. El 98% de los estudiantes fueron costarricenses, el 68% mujeres, el 79% ingresó según la nota de admisión, el 43% ingresó con una edad de 18 años o menos, el 50% provenía de un colegio público, el 77% residía en la gran área Metropolitana y el 95% eran solteros y permanecieron sin hijos. La eficiencia terminal en promedio fue de 6%; el 46% de los estudiantes se han graduado con rezago, el 16% continúan matriculados y el 32% hizo abandono de los estudios. El sexo, la edad, la nota del examen de admisión y la maternidad son variables sociodemográficas que se asocian con la eficiencia terminal y el abandono. El promedio de la eficiencia terminal en las cohortes del 2007 al 2014 en la carrera de Odontología de la Facultad de Odontología UCR fue muy bajo, casi la mitad de los estudiantes se han graduado con rezago y cerca de un tercio hizo abandono de los estudios. La nota del examen de admisión parece ser un predictor en el comportamiento académico de los estudiantes: a mayor nota más posibilidades de graduarse y menos de abandonar la carrera.

Importância das Jornadas Acadêmicas na formação profissional: Percepção dos estudantes Itaúna ­ MG, 2022 / Importance of Academic Journeys in professional training: Perception of students Itaúna ­ MG, 2022

A realização da jornada acadêmica contribui para a formação dos estudantes, já que são encontros anuais promovidos pelos alunos universitários com o objetivo de trazer temas emergentes, com intuito de promover a formação integral desses futuros profissionais. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a opinião dos alunos do curso de Odontologia acerca da 43° Jornada Acadêmica da Universidade de Itaúna. O evento foi desenvolvido na Universidade de Itaúna-MG. A Metodologia da pesquisa foi realizada por meio de questionários distribuídos no último dia do evento, o que propiciou a coleta de dados dos participantes, os quais manifestaram seus pontos de vista em relação à jornada acadêmica. Os dados foram tabulados em uma planilha do Excel e analisados utilizando-se as ferramentas estatísticas do software SPSS- Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, for Windows® versão 20.0. Foram geradas tabelas de frequência e análise descritiva das variáveis. Resultados mostraram que dos 231 participantes, 162 (70,1%) afirmaram que a programação da Jornada Acadêmica Odontológica atende a todos os períodos da graduação; 177 (76,6%) achou os temas abordados interessantes; 176 (76,2%) preferirem que palestras e cursos deveriam acontecer de forma simultânea; 194 (84%) acharam relevante a apresentação de banner durante o evento; 93 (40,3%) responderam que os três dias de Jornada Acadêmica são suficientes, não sendo necessário o acréscimo de dias e 132 (57,1%) que avaliaram como ótimo o evento. Concluiu-se que essa Jornada é importante para trazer novas experiências aos profissionais e atualizações do mercado de trabalho, ampliando conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes dentro da instituição.

The holding of the academic day contributes to the training of students, as they are annual meetings promoted by university students with the aim of bringing up emerging themes, with the aim of promoting the integral training of these future professionals. The objective of this study is to evaluate the opinion of students of the Dentistry course about the 43rd Academic Journey of the University of Itaúna. The event was held at the University of Itaúna-MG. The research methodology was carried out through questionnaires distributed on the last day of the event, which allowed the collection of data from the participants, who expressed their points of view in relation to the academic journey. Data were tabulated in an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using the statistical tools of the SPSS- Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software, for Windows® version 20.0. Frequency tables and descriptive analysis of the variables were generated. Results showed that of the 231 participants, 162 (70.1%) stated that the Academic Dental Journey schedule covers all graduation periods; 177 (76.6%) found the topics covered interesting; 176 (76.2%) preferred that lectures and courses should take place simultaneously; 194 (84%) thought the banner display during the event was relevant; 93 (40.3%) answered that the three days of the Academic Day are enough, not being necessary to add more days and 132 (57.1%) who evaluated the event as excellent. It was concluded that this Journey is important to bring new experiences to professionals and updates in the labor market, expanding knowledge, skills and attitudes within the institution.

Conhecimento de acadêmicos de Odontologia acerca da avulsão dentária / Knowledge of dental students about tooth avulsion

Objetivo: verificar o conhecimento de acadêmicos de Odontologia de uma instituição de ensino superior da Paraíba acerca da avulsão dentária. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal, no qual 64 acadêmicos responderam um formulário com perguntas objetivas relativas a dados sociodemográficos, período de formação do curso e conhecimento e condutas em casos de avulsão dentária. Foi realizada análise descritiva de frequência absoluta e relativa dos dados (SPSS, v. 20.0). Resultados: a maioria dos acadêmicos recebeu informações sobre avulsão dentária em aulas ministradas no curso (86%) e indicaria a irrigação com soro fisiológico seguida de reimplante quando da ocorrência do trauma há menos de uma hora (64,1%) e há mais de uma hora (43,8%). O tratamento endodôntico foi indicado, independentemente do tempo do dente fora do alvéolo, por 34,4% da amostra. A contenção rígida foi a mais indicada para o dente reimplantado (48,4%) e seu tempo mínimo de proservação radiográfica respondido pela maioria dos pesquisados foi de 6 meses (48,4%). Conclusões: apesar de a maioria dos acadêmicos ter recebido informações acerca da temática, o conhecimento foi considerado insuficiente em relação a condutas referentes ao reimplante dentário, indicação do tratamento endodôntico, tipo de contenção e tempo de proservação.

Objective: to verify the knowledge of dental students from a Higher Education Institution of Paraíba about dental avulsion. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out, in which 64 students answered a form with objective questions regarding sociodemographic data, course period, knowledge and conduct in cases of tooth avulsion. Descriptive analysis of absolute and relative frequency of data was performed (SPSS, v. 20.0). Results: most students received information about dental avulsion during the graduation classes (86%) and would indicate irrigation with saline solution followed by reimplantation when the trauma occurred less than one hour (64.1%) and more than one hour (43.8%). Endodontic treatment was indicated, regardless of the time the tooth was out of the dental socket, according 34.4% of the sample. Rigid retention was the most indicated for the reimplanted tooth (48.4%) and six months was the minimum radiographic follow-up time answered by most students (48.4%). Conclusions: although most students have received information about the topic, the knowledge was considered insufficient in relation to some aspects of the protocols recommended for emergency care for dental avulsion, with emphasis on behaviors related to dental reimplantation, indication of endodontic treatment, type of containment and follow-up.

Gerenciamento de urgências endodônticas: conhecimentos de acadêmicos de odontologia / Management of endodontic emergencies: knowledge of dental students

Objetivo: avaliar do conhecimento dos alunos de odontologia sobre os protocolos de atendimento para as urgências endodônticas. Método: 182 alunos dos últimos anos do curso de Odontologia do Centro Universitário Doutor Leão Sampaio, responderam a um questionário contendo perguntas referente ao protocolo adotado em casos de urgência de origem endodôntica. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste de Qui-quadrado de Pearson (p<0,05). Resultados: foram observadas diferenças entre a conduta relata pelos alunos do quarto e quinto ano de graduação quanto a indicação da incisão para drenagem em abscesso periapical agudo submucoso (evoluído), indicação de antibióticos nos casos de flare-up e indicação de antibióticos na dor com edema póstratamento endodôntico. A prescrição de antibióticos foi excessiva para os casos de dor entre consultas (flareup) e dor no pós-operatória. Para as patologias da polpa, a maioria dos alunos indicou protocolos de urgência recomendados na literatura. Conclusão: os resultados indicam a necessidade de melhoria dos programas de treinamento dos alunos em urgências endodônticas, principalmente quanto aos protocolos farmacológicos. (AU)

Objective: to evaluate the knowledge of dentistry students about care protocols for endodontic emergencies. Method: 182 students from the last years of the Dentistry course at Doctor Leão Sampaio University Center answered a questionnaire containing questions regarding the protocol adopted in urgent cases of endodontic origin. Data were analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square test (p<0.05). Results: differences were observed between the conduct reported by fourth- and fifth-year undergraduate students regarding the indication of incision for drainage in submucosal acute periapical abscess (evolved), indication of antibiotics in cases of flare-up and indication of antibiotics in pain with edema after endodontic treatment. The prescription of antibiotics was excessive for cases of pain between appointments (flare-up) and postoperative pain. For pulp pathologies, most students indicated emergency protocols recommended in the literature. Conclusion: the results indicate the need to improve student training programs in endodontic emergencies, especially regarding pharmacological protocols. (AU)

Conhecimento de acadêmicos de Odontologia acerca da avulsão dentária / Knowledge of dental students about tooth avulsion

Objetivo: verificar o conhecimento de acadêmicos de Odontologia de uma instituição de ensino superior da Paraíba acerca da avulsão dentária. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal, no qual 64 acadêmicos responderam um formulário com perguntas objetivas relativas a dados sociodemográficos, período de formação do curso e conhecimento e condutas em casos de avulsão dentária. Foi realizada análise descritiva de frequência absoluta e relativa dos dados (SPSS, v. 20.0). Resultados: a maioria dos acadêmicos recebeu informações sobre avulsão dentária em aulas ministradas no curso (86%) e indicaria a irrigação com soro fisiológico seguida de reimplante quando da ocorrência do trauma há menos de uma hora (64,1%) e há mais de uma hora (43,8%). O tratamento endodôntico foi indicado, independentemente do tempo do dente fora do alvéolo, por 34,4% da amostra. A contenção rígida foi a mais indicada para o dente reimplantado (48,4%) e seu tempo mínimo de proservação radiográfica respondido pela maioria dos pesquisados foi de 6 meses (48,4%). Conclusões: apesar de a maioria dos acadêmicos ter recebido informações acerca da temática, o conhecimento foi considerado insuficiente em relação a condutas referentes ao reimplante dentário, indicação do tratamento endodôntico, tipo de contenção e tempo de proservação.(AU)

Objective: to verify the knowledge of dental students from a Higher Education Institution of Paraíba about dental avulsion. Methods: a cross- -sectional study was carried out, in which 64 students answered a form with objective questions regarding sociodemographic data, course period, knowledge and conduct in cases of tooth avulsion. Descriptive analysis of absolute and relative frequency of data was performed (SPSS, v. 20.0). Results: most students received information about dental avulsion during the graduation classes (86%) and would indicate irrigation with saline solution followed by reimplantation when the trauma occurred less than one hour (64.1%) and more than one hour (43.8%). Endodontic treatment was indicated, regardless of the time the tooth was out of the dental socket, according 34.4% of the sample. Rigid retention was the most indicated for the reimplanted tooth (48.4%) and six months was the minimum radiographic follow-up time answered by most students (48.4%). Conclusions: although most students have received information about the topic, the knowledge was considered insufficient in relation to some aspects of the protocols recommended for emergency care for dental avulsion, with emphasis on behaviors related to dental reimplantation, indication of endodontic treatment, type of containment and follow-up.(AU)

Associação entre qualidade de vida, prática de atividades físicas e frequência de estudo de alunos de graduação em Odontologia / Association between quality of life, practice of physical activities and frequency of study by undergraduate students in Dentistry

Objetivo: avaliar a associação entre a qualidade de vida (QV) de estudantes do curso de graduação em Odon-tologia da Faculdade CNEC Santo Ângelo com a prática de atividades físicas e de estudo. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal. Os participantes responderam questões referentes a informações demográficas, atividades físicas, frequência de estudo e conteúdos pesquisados em redes sociais. Além disso, foi aplicado o questionário WHOQOL-BREF para avaliação da QV. A análise de dados foi realizada mediante Teste U de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis (p-valor <0,05). Resultados: a amostra contou com 127 alunos. A QV não teve associação com idade, sexo, mídias sociais utilizadas pelos participantes e tempo que utilizam o celular no dia a dia. A maior média foi observada no domínio social. Os alunos que estudaram todos os dias tiveram uma mediana maior de QV no domínio psicológico, quando comparados àqueles que não estudaram todos os dias, e essa diferença foi estatisticamente significante. A prática de exercícios físicos proporcionou melhor QV para os participantes, e essa associação foi estatisticamente significante para os domínios físico, psicoló-gico, do meio ambiente e para o escore total. A menor média foi do domínio psicológico. Conclusão: estudar todos os dias e praticar atividades físicas estiveram associados de forma independente a uma melhor QV. (AU)

Objective: to evaluate the association between a QoL of undergraduate students in Dentistry at Faculdade CNEC Santo Ângelo with the practice of physical activities and study. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study. The participants reported on demographic information, physical activities, study frequency and content searched on social media. In addition, the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was formulated to assess QoL. Data analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis U test (p-value <0.05). Results: 127 students were included. QoL was not associated with age, gender, social media used by participants and the time they used the cell phone on a daily basis. The highest average was observed in the social domain. Students who studied every day had a significantly higher median QoL in the psychological domain compared to those who did not study every day. The practice of physical exercises provided better QoL for the participants and this association was statistically significant for the physical, psychological, environmental and total score domains. The lowest mean was in the psychological domain. Conclusion: studying every day and practicing physical activities were independently associated with better QoL.(AU)

Avaliação da retenção do conhecimento, do grau de confiança e dos erros de compreensão dos acadêmicos de odontologia / Evaluation of knowledge retention, degree of confidence and erros of undertanding of dental students

Objetivo: avaliar a retenção de conhecimento (RC), o grau de confiança (GC) e a identificação dos erros de aprendizado (EA) dos acadêmicos de um curso de Odontologia. Métodos: neste estudo, foram avaliados 39 alunos dos níveis finais de um curso de Odontologia, os quais responderam 40 questões retiradas de provas anteriores do Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes (Enade), através de uma plataforma virtual. Es-tas foram divididas em quatro áreas: Formação Geral (FG); Saúde Coletiva (SC); Clínica Odontológica (CO); e Especialidade Odontológica (EO). Resultados: analisando os resultados, observou-se que a área do saber que obteve melhor média de acertos foi a de CO (com 59,4), seguida das questões de FG (com 48,5). A área que obteve menor média de acertos foi a de SC (com 36,4). O GC foi analisado através de um questionário em que o aluno relatava se estava ou não confiante perante a questão respondida. Em relação ao erro, percebeu--se que a única área na qual os alunos erraram as questões, mas estavam confiantes, foi a de SC. Em relação ao acerto, a única área em que os alunos acertaram as questões, mas não se demonstraram confiantes para acertar, foi a de FG.Conclusão: percebe-se que, dentre as áreas avaliadas, a SC foi a que apresentou pior média de acertos. (AU)

Objective: the present study evaluated the knowledge retention, degree of confidence and identification of learning errors of dental students. Methods: 39 senior dental students (last year) responded 40 questions from previous exam from the ENADE (National Student Performance Exam) using a virtual platform. Questions were divided into four areas: General Formation (GF); Collective Health (CH); Dental Clinic (DC) and Dental Specialty (DE). Results: it was observed that the area of knowledge that obtained the best average was DC, with 59.4, following by GF questions, with 48.5. The area with the lowest average was that of CH, with 36.4. The degree of confidence was analyzed through a questionnaire, where the student reported whether or not she/he was confident about the answers. Regarding the error, it was noticed that the only area where the students answered the questions but were confident was that of CH. Regarding the hit, the only area where students got the questions right but were not confident to get it right was that of GF. Conclusion: among the evaluated areas, CH was the one with the worst average of correct answers.(AU)

Auditory effects of recreational and occupational noise exposure among dental students: a cross-sectional study / Efectos auditivos producto de la exposición a ruido recreacional y dental en estudiantes de odontología: un estudio transversal

ABSTRACT Purpose: to determine the auditory effects of noise exposure from recreational and occupational sources among dentistry students. Methods: forty-two dentistry students, routinely exposed to occupational noise, and 72 students from other health science schools were recruited (control group). Audiometric testing, otoacoustic emissions and questionnaires to assess recreational and occupational noise were applied to the sample. The presence of a notch was determined for each participant audiometry´s test based on the criteria proposed by Coles et al. Differences in notch prevalence were analyzed by applying univariate regression models as well as a multivariate model adjusted by covariates. Results: non-significant differences in auditory thresholds between groups were found. The controls exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of a notch at 4 kHz than the group exposed to noise. However, the differences were not statistically significant in the multivariate model adjusted by recreational noise exposure. Conclusions: the occupational noise exposure was not significantly associated to auditory system dysfunction. In addition, the differences in notch prevalence could be related to recreational noise exposure.

RESUMEN Objetivo: determinar los efectos auditivos producto de la exposición a ruido recreacional y ocupacional en estudiantes de Odontología. Métodos: se reclutó a 42 estudiantes de odontología expuestos rutinariamente a ruido ocupacional, y a 72 estudiantes de otras carreras del área de la salud (grupo control). Se evaluó mediante audiometría, emisiones otoacústicas, junto con aplicar cuestionarios para determinar la exposición a ruido ocupacional y recreacional. A partir de los umbrales audiométricos e determinó la presencia de escotoma usando el criterio de Coles et al. Se analizaron las diferencias en prevalencia de escotomas entre los grupos mediante regresiones logísticas, ajustando por otras variables. Resultados: no existieron diferencias significativas en los umbrales audiométricos entre los grupos estudiados. El grupo control mostró mayor prevalencia de escotoma en 4 kHz al ajustar por sexo y edad, sin embargo, dejó de ser significativa al ajustar adicionalmente por exposición a ruido recreacional. Conclusiones: la exposición a ruido ocupacional no se asoció a alteraciones auditivas. Además, las diferencias en prevalencia de escotomas estarían relacionadas a exposición a ruido recreacional.

Desde la Admisión Hasta el Ejercicio Profesional. Una Revisión de las Carreras de Odontología en Chile / From Admission to Professional Practice, A Review of Dental Programs in Chile

RESUMEN: Al año 1991 sólo existían tres carreras de odontología en Chile: Universidad de Chile (1911), Universidad de Concepción (1919) y la Universidad de Valparaíso (1955 como sede de la U. de Chile). Actualmente, existen 21 universidades que dictan un total de 32 carreras de odontología, titulando aproximadamente 1500 nuevos profesionales cada año, lo cual, aparte de disparar las cifras de profesionales en nuestro sistema, levanta la duda de cuantos estudiantes se encuentran en formación y cuál es el perfil de admisión que se establece en estas instituciones. El objetivo de este artículo es conocer las cifras de los procesos de admisión, matrícula financiamiento y acreditación universitarios y discutirlas en base a la cantidad de profesionales habilitados para trabajar en nuestro sistema para así reflejar la situación actual que vive la Odontología en Chile. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal realizado en base a la revisión de las bases estadísticas públicas. A pesar de sus altos costos asociados a la implementación de espacios y materiales, la carrera sigue siendo altamente postulada. Los nuevos ingresos rondan en alrededor de 2.20 0 para primer año, llegando aproximadamente a 14.300 estudiantes en todos los niveles para el 2019. El Estado de Chile debería abordar los problemas que se desprenden de estos indicadores, a través de una discusión seria y sistemática, incorporando diversos actores y basándose en información sobre la real necesidad de atención en salud de la población y la disponibilidad estructural del sistema de salu d público y privado para soportar determinado número de profesionales. La apertura de nuevas carreras de odontología se visualiza como un problema, mientras el país avanza a pasos lentos en una regulación que es requerida de manera urgente.

ABSTRACT: In 1991 there were only three dental programs in Chile: Universidad de Chile (1911), Universidad de Concepción (1919) and Universidad de Valparaíso (1955, as campus of U. de Chile). Currently, there are 21 universities that teach a total of 32 dental programs, graduating approximately 1500 new professionals each year, which, in addition to increasing the number of dentists in our system, raises the question as to how many students are in training, and what is the admission profile established by these institutions. The aim of this article is to know the number of admissions, registration, financing, and university accreditation process, based on the number of qualified professionals working in our system, in order to reflect the current situation of dentistry in Chile. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out based on the review of the public statistical resources. Despite the high cost of the program, associated with the implementation and materials, the program has many applicants. The number of enrolled students each year in the first semester is around 2200. Therefore, a high number of students are currently enrolled in all semesters, totalling approximately 14,300 in 2019. The Chilean government should address this problem based on information about the real need for healthcare of the population, within the framework of the public and private health system to support a certain number of professionals. The opening of new dental programs is viewed as a problem, while the country is advancing slowly in a regulation that is urgently required.

Quality of sleep and use of computers and cell-phones among university students

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Evaluate the quality of sleep and its association with the use of computers and cell-phones among medicine and dentistry students. METHODS Cross-sectional and comparative study, which evaluated 425 students through a socioeconomic questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI), and a questionnaire on their use of computers and cell phones. RESULTS Poor sleep quality was observed in 61.4% of medical students and in 60.1% of dentistry students. Medical students with poor sleep quality had a higher mean time of computer use at night when compared to those with good sleep quality (p=0.04), as well as for computer (p<0.001) and cell phone use (p<0.01) immediately before bedtime. Dentistry students with poor sleep quality had a higher average time of computer use before bedtime than those with good sleep quality (p=0.03). CONCLUSION Students should receive guidance on prevention strategies and quality of sleep care.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar a qualidade de sono e sua associação com uso de computadores e celulares em estudantes de medicina e odontologia. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal e comparativo, que avaliou 425 estudantes por meio de questionário socioeconômico, Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (PSQI) e uso de computador e telefone celular. RESULTADOS Sono de má qualidade foi observado em 61,4% dos estudantes de medicina e em 60,1% de odontologia. Para os estudantes de medicina, os tempos médios de uso de computador durante a noite (p=0,04) e computador (p<0,001) e celular (p<0,001) imediatamente antes de dormir foram maiores para os estudantes com má qualidade de sono. Para os estudantes de odontologia, o tempo médio de uso do computador imediatamente antes de dormir foi maior para aqueles com má qualidade de sono (p=0,03). CONCLUSÃO Os estudantes devem receber orientações sobre estratégias de prevenção e cuidados com a qualidade do sono.

Implementation of TMD pain screening questionnaire in peruvian dental students / Implementacion de un cuestionario de triaje para trastornos temporomandibulares asociados al dolor en estudiantes de odontologia peruanos

The aim of this study was to screen for painful TMD conditions by implementing the validated Axis I screening instrument from the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. Using the screener as a surrogate, the prevalence of the conditions was estimated among a convenience sample of dental students in Peru. A total 2,562 dental students, 63.7% women, aged 18 to 62 completed the instrument. Prevalence was estimated using both the short and long versions. The prevalence of painful TMD conditions was 19.4% with the short and 16.1% with the long version. The distribution of the conditions according to gender differed significantly between groups (p<.001). Prevalence estimates of painful TMD conditions using the screening instrument seems to be logistically adequate in a field assessment involving multiple geographic and cultural regions in Peru. These estimates seem to be consistent with internationally reported values.

El objetivo de este estudio fue tener una estimación de las condiciones de los trastornos temporomandibulares asociados al dolor, mediante la implementación de un instrumento validado de triaje para la medición del Eje I de los Criterios Diagnósticos para los Trastornos Temporomandibulares (CD/TTM). Usando este instrumento como un sustituto, se estimó la prevalencia de estas condiciones en una muestra por conveniencia de estudiantes de Odontología en el Perú. Un total de 2,562 estudiantes de Odontología, 63.7% mujeres, entre las edades de 18 a 62 años de edad, completaron el instrumento. La prevalencia fue estimada empleando las versiones corta y larga del instrumento. La prevalencia de los TTM asociados al dolor fue de 19.4% con la versión corta y 16.1% con la versión larga. La distribución de estas condiciones fue estadísticamente diferente según el sexo (p<.001). El empleo del instrumento de triaje para estimar la prevalencia de los TTMs asociados al dolor parece ser logísticamente adecuado en un escenario de diversas regiones geográficas y culturales en el Perú. Estas estimaciones parecen ser consistentes con valores internacionalmente reportados.

Ecualización de la empatía en estudiantes de dos sedes diferentes en una facultad de odontología de una universidad chilena / Empathy equalization in students from two different campus in a chilean faculty of dentistry

Objetivo. Comprobar que el proceso de ecualización para el atributo empatía se cumple entre dos sedes universitarias en los estudiantes de odontología de la Universidad San Sebastián (Chile). Material y Métodos. Se aplicó la Escala de Empatía Médica de Jefferson para medir la empatía y sus componentes en estudiantes de odontología de la Universidad San Sebastián en dos sedes (Santiago y Concepción, Chile). Las comparaciones se realizaron mediante un ANOVA Bifactorial (Modelo III), estimación del potencial de crecimiento posible y ecuaciones de regresión. Resultados. Se encontró que existen diferencias para el componente TPP entre las sedes y diferencias entre todos los componentes de la empatía cuando fueron comparados un mismo género entre sedes. Conclusión. La evidencia empírica muestra que el proceso de ecualización no se encuentra completado. Este estudio tiene importancia nacional y a nivel de América Latina por tres razones: a) muchas universidades en Chile y América Latina tienen sedes universitarias donde se imparten la misma carrera de pregrados, b) no existen evaluaciones de ecualización de la empatía en América Latina y c) se plantea una posible metodología para evaluar el cumplimiento de la ecualización.

Objective. Check that the equalization process for the empathy attribute is fulfilled between two university venues in the dentistry students of the San Sebastián University (Chile). Material and methods. The Jefferson Medical Empathy Scale was applied to measure empathy and its components in dental students of the San Sebastián University in two sites (Santiago and Concepción, Chile). The comparisons were made using a Bifactorial ANOVA (Model III), estimation of the possible growth potential and regression equations. Results. It was found that there are differences for the Taking Patient's Perspective component between the venues and differences between all the components of the empathy when the same genre was compared between venues. Conclusion. Empirical evidence shows that the equalization process is not complete. This study is of national and Latin American importance for three reasons: a) many universities in Chile and Latin America have university campuses where the same undergraduate courses are taught, b) there are no equalization evaluations of empathy in Latin America, and c) a possible methodology is proposed to evaluate the compliance of the equalization.

Student participation in dental scientific journals in latin America and the caribbean / Participación estudiantil en revistas científicas odontológicas a nivel de América latina y el caribe

The participation of students in scientific articles represents a bibliometric indicator that describes the scientific production of a University. Objective: to describe the scientific production of articles with student presence in dental journals indexed in the SciELO database around Latin America and the Caribbean Region. Method: Bibliometric study that analyzed the scientific articles of 20 dental scientific journals from 2005 to 2017. The articles with student authorship and/or co-authorship were evaluated according to university affiliation, subject of the article, type of article and citation index. Results: Out of a total of 8747 articles, 2.09% (183) presented the participation of dentistry students. About half (50.3%) were from Brazil, and 78.1% corresponded to original articles. The main theme of the studies was related to cariology (12.6%). The journal with the highest student participation was the Journal of Applied Oral Science (32.2%) Conclusions: Student scientific production in dental journals in Latin America and the Caribbean is low, with the countries with the greatest participation being Brazil, Colombia and Chile.

Prevalencia de Bruxismo y Estrés en Estudiantes de Odontología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile / Bruxism and Stress Prevalence in Dentistry Students of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

RESUMEN: El bruxismo corresponde a una actividad parafuncional de apretamiento dentario por acción de los músculos masticatorios. Dentro de los factores etiológicos del bruxismo, se encuentran estados emocionales como la ansiedad, depresión y situaciones de estrés, entre otros. Los estudiantes de Odontología, especialmente aquellos que se encuentran en su ciclo clínico, se someten a situaciones de alta exigencia que les generan estados de depresión, estrés y ansiedad. El objetivo de este estudio es medir la prevalencia de trastornos psicológicos como depresión, ansiedad y estrés y bruxismo en estudiantes de Odontología de 4to y 5to año de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Mediante el uso de cuestionarios y exámenes clínicos, utilizando el cuestionario de la Asociación Americana de Medicina del Sueño y la Escala de Depresión-Ansiedad y Estrés (DAS-21), se determinó que el 62 % de los estudiantes presentaron bruxismo, con predominio en mujeres. Todos los alumnos que presentaron bruxismo manifestaron niveles de depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Estas cifras son importantes a considerar como señal de alerta y para generar medidas preventivas y terapéuticas para disminuir el bruxismo y los trastornos psicológicos asociados.

ABSTRACT: Bruxism corresponds to a parafunctional activity of dental tightening due to the action of masticatory muscles. Within the etiological factors of bruxism, there are emotional states such as anxiety, depression and stress situations, among others. Dental students, especially those who are in their clinical cycle, are subjected to high demand situations that generate states of depression, stress and anxiety. The aim of this study is to measure the prevalence of psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety and stress and bruxism in 4th and 5th year of dentistry students of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Through the use of questionnaires and clinical examinations, using the questionnaire of the American Association of Sleep Medicine and the Depression-Anxiety and Stress Scale (DAS-21), it was determined that 62 % of the students presented bruxism, with predominance in women. All of the students that presented bruxism, manifested levels of depression, anxiety and stress. These numbers are important to consider as a warning signal and to generate preventive and therapeutic measures that contribute to the reduction of bruxism and associated psychological disorders.

Disfunção temporomandibular e ansiedade em graduandos de odontologia / Disfunción temporomandibular y ansiedade en los estudiantes de odontologia / Temporomandibular dysfunction and anxiety among dental students

Introdução: A disfunção temporomandibular apresenta etiologia multifatorial, enquadrando-se nesses fatores etiológicos condições psicológicas como a ansiedade. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência da disfunção temporomandibular, ansiedade e seus respectivos graus nos graduandos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo transversal, observacional, com abordagem indutiva, adotando como estratégia de coleta de dados o Índice Anamnésico de Fonseca e o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado em uma amostra de 185 estudantes de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, Brasil. Os dados foram trabalhados pela estatística descritiva e submetidos ao teste estatístico Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher considerado significativo ao nível de 5 porcento. Resultados: Os resultados indicam que a maioria da amostra é composta pelo sexo feminino (67 porcento) com idade média de 21,4 anos. Além disso, 79 porcento dos alunos apresentou algum grau da disfunção, tendo a maior parte (72 porcento) se encaixado no grau leve. A ansiedade estado e a ansiedade traço foram mais prevalentes no grau moderado com 79 porcento e 72 porcento, respectivamente. Não foi identificada associação estatística significativa entre a presença e ausência de Disfunção Temporomandibular e ansiedade, seja ela traço ou estado, na amostra estudada com p= 0,484 e p= 0,297, respectivamente. Conclusão: Conclui-se que houve uma alta prevalência de Disfunção Temporomandibular e ansiedade nos graduandos de Odontologia, destacando-se, assim, a importância da busca detalhada desses sinais e sintomas durante o exame clínico(AU)

Introducción: La disfunción temporomandibular presenta una causa multifactorial, incluyéndose en estos factores causales condiciones psicológicas como la ansiedad. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de la disfunción temporomandibular y la ansiedad y sus respectivos niveles en estudiantes. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio del tipo transversal, observacional y con enfoque inductivo. Se adoptó como estrategia de recolección de datos el índice de anamnesis de Fonseca y el inventario de ansiedad rasgo-estado en una muestra de 185 estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. Los datos fueron trabajados por la estadística descriptiva y sometidos a la prueba estadística de chi cuadrado y exacta de Fisher, considerado significativo al nivel de 5 por ciento. Resultados: Los resultados indican que la mayoría de la muestra eran del sexo femenino (67 por ciento) con una edad promedio de 21,4 años. Además, 79 por ciento de los alumnos presentaron algún nivel de disfunción, y la mayor parte (72 por ciento) se encuadró en el nivel leve. La ansiedad estado y la ansiedad rasgo fueron más prevalentes en el nivel moderado con 79 por ciento y 72 por ciento, respectivamente. No se identificó ninguna asociación estadística significativa entre la presencia y ausencia de disfunción temporomandibular y la ansiedad, sea rasgo o estado, en la muestra investigada, con los respectivos valores de p= 0,484 y p= 0,297. Conclusiones: Hubo una alta prevalencia estadística de disfunción temporomandibular y ansiedad en los estudiantes de Odontología, así que se destaca la importancia de la búsqueda detallada de estos signos y síntomas en el examen clínico(AU)

Introduction: The etiology of temporomandibular dysfunction is multifactorial, and causal factors include psychological conditions such as anxiety. Objective: Identify the prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction and anxiety as well as their levels among dental students from the Federal University of Campina Grande. Methods: An inductive cross-sectional observational study was conducted of a sample of 185 dental students from the Federal University of Campina Grande. Data collection was based on Fonseca's anamnesis index and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and subjected to the chi-square statistical test and Fisher's exact test, with a significance level of 5 percent. Results: Results show that most of the sample was female (67 percent) with a mean age of 21.4 years. On the other hand, 79 percent of the students had some degree of dysfunction, which was mild in most (72 percent). Anxiety state and anxiety trait were more prevalent on the moderate level with 79 percent and 72 percent respectively. No significant statistical association was identified in the study sample between the presence and absence of temporomandibular dysfunction and anxiety, be it trait or state, with values of p= 0.484 and p= 0.297 respectively. Conclusions: High statistical prevalence was found of temporomandibular dysfunction and anxiety among dental students, hence the importance of a detailed search for those signs and symptoms during clinical examination(AU)

Efetividade de selantes de fossas e fissuras aplicados por estudantes de Odontologia na prevenção de cárie / Effectiveness of pit and fissure sealants applied by Dental students for dental caries prevention

Objetivo: avaliar a efetividade dos selantes aplicados por estudantes do curso de graduação em Odontologia da Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (Unisul), Grande Florianópolis, após 6 meses da aplicação, e estimar a prevalência de cárie dos participantes. Sujeitos e método: estudo observacional descritivo com indivíduos das clínicas de Odontologia. A efetividade dos selantes oclusais foi avaliada por roteiro validado na literatura, e a prevalência de cárie, dicotomizada. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e as associações pelo teste Qui-Quadrado. Resultados: a taxa de resposta do estudo foi de 94,7% (n=18), 2/3 da amostra eram do sexo feminino (72,2% IC 95% 49,1;87,5), 60% dos pacientes recebiam 3 salários mínimos ou menos, maiores proporções de indivíduo tinham selados seus dentes há pelo menos 9 meses. Pouco menos de 2/3 da amostra receberam Fluroshield como material restaurador em seus dentes. Dentre os 57 dentes avaliados, 70,2% apresentavam retenção to-tal. Os dentes mais acometidos pela perda de retenção foram os segundos molares superiores (40%). Mais de 2/3 da amostra não apresentaram cárie (88,9% IC 95% 67,2; 96,9). O isolamento relativo foi o mais prevalente (72,2% IC 95% 49,1;87,5). Conclusão: sob a perspectiva das práticas dos estudantes de Odontologia, metade da amostra de pacientes apresentou alguma perda de retenção dos selantes, mesmo que um número maior de retenções totais e a ausência de recidiva de cárie tenham sido observados. Isso reflete a importância da relação professor-aluno no planejamento e na correta aplicação das técnicas de selamento por estudantes de Odontologia. (AU)

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of pit and fissure sealants applied by undergraduate dental students of the University of Southern Santa Catarina (Unisul), SC, Brazil, after 6 months, and to estimate the prevalence of caries in the participants. Subjects and method: observational and descriptive study with individuals from the dental clinics. The effectiveness of pit and fissure sealants was evaluated using a script validated in the literature, and the prevalence of caries was dichotomized. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and the associations were made using the chi-square test. Results: the response rate of the study was 94.7% (n=18), 2/3 of the sample consisted of women (72.2% 95%CI 49.1, 87.5), 60% of the patients received three Brazilian minimum wages or less, and a great portion of the participants had sealed their teeth at least 9 months earlier. A little under 2/3 of the sample received Fluroshield as restorative material for their teeth. Among the 57 teeth evaluated, 70.2% presented complete retention. The teeth most affected by loss of retention were maxillary left second molars (40%). More than 2/3 of the sample did not present dental caries (88.9% 95%CI, 67.2, 96.9). Relative isolation was the most prevalent (72.2% 95%CI 49.1, 87.5). Conclusion: from the perspective of the practices of dental students, half of the sample of patients presented some loss of sealant retention, despite the greater number of complete retentions and absence of recurrent caries. This reflects the importance of the teacher-student relationship in the planning and correct application of sealing techniques by dental students. (AU)

Redes sociais na aprendizagem em odontologia: opinião dos estudantes de uma universidade brasileira / Redes sociales en el aprendizaje de la odontología: opinión de los estudiantes de una universidad brasileña / Social networks in dental training: opinion of students from a Brazilian university

Introdução: as redes sociais virtuais exercem papel decisivo na forma como os jovens percebem e se relacionam com as pessoas, o mundo e as informações. Como utilizar tecnologias de informação e comunicação presentes na vida cotidiana como ferramentas de aprendizagem na vida escolar? Objetivo: avaliar a opinião de estudantes do Curso de Graduação em Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco sobre a inclusão de redes sociais ­Facebook, Whastapp e Instagram­ como plataformas facilitadoras da aprendizagem em Biossegurança. Métodos: a amostra foi constituída pelos estudantes matriculados na disciplina de Biossegurança e Ergonomia 2 (n= 53), os quais responderam a um formulário eletrônico do Google, no qual foram avaliadas a adesão, aplicabilidade e utilidade das redes sociais como plataformas educativas. Resultados: A análise dos dados indicou que a adesão ao uso das redes sociais foi: 94,3 porcento (Facebook), 100 porcento (Whatsapp) e 88,7 porcento (Instagram). Todos consideraram o Facebook uma ferramenta vantajosa na disciplina, dos quais 60,4 porcento afirmaram que a maior utilidade está na facilidade de acesso e obtenção de material didático publicado na página virtual da disciplina. O Whatsapp também se mostrou útil para todos, sendo o esclarecimento rápido de dúvidas a utilidade mais citada (58,5 porcento). O uso do Instagram como método de aprendizagem foi considerado bom por 92,5 porcento dos entrevistados, com sua principal utilidade recaindo (trocar por um sinônimo) sobre a possibilidade de visualização de informações novas com textos de fácil leitura. Conclusões: os jovens estudantes mostraram-se bastante receptivos à inclusão das redes sociais na aprendizagem da Biossegurança Odontológica, evidenciando-as como vantajosa no processo de aprendizagem, com utilidades específicas a depender da rede social utilizada(AU)

Introducción: las redes sociales virtuales desempeñan un papel decisivo en la forma en que los jóvenes perciben y se relacionan con las personas, el mundo y la información. ¿Es posible utilizar las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación presentes en la vida cotidiana como herramientas de aprendizaje en la vida escolar?. Objetivo: evaluar la opinión de los estudiantes de licenciatura en Odontología de la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco, Brasil, sobre la inclusión de las redes sociales ­Facebook, Instagram y Whatsap­ como facilitadores del aprendizaje de la bioseguridad. Métodos: la muestra estuvo compuesta por los alumnos matriculados en la asignatura de Bioseguridad y Ergonomía 2 (n= 53), los que respondieron a un formulario electrónico de Google en que se evaluó la adhesión, la aplicabilidad y utilidad de las redes sociales como plataformas educativas. Resultados: el análisis de los datos indicó que hubo un incremento en el uso de las redes sociales: 94,3 por ciento (Facebook), 100 por ciento (Whatsapp) y 88,7 por ciento (Instagram). Todos opinaron que Facebook es una herramienta ventajosa en el aprendizaje de la asignatura, y un 60,4 por ciento afirmó que lo más útil es la facilidad de acceso y la obtención de materiales educativos publicados en el sitio web de la asignatura. Whatsapp también resultó útil para todos los estudiantes, y la rápida aclaración de dudas fue la utilidad más frecuentemente citada (58,5 por ciento). El uso de Instagram fue considerado bueno por el 92,5 por ciento de los encuestados. El principal uso mencionado fue la posibilidad de consultar nuevas informaciones en textos de fácil lectura. Conclusiones: los jóvenes estudiantes fueron bastante receptivos a la inclusión de las redes sociales en el aprendizaje de la Bioseguridad en Odontología, y las calificaron de ventajosas para el proceso de aprendizaje, con usos específicos en función de la red social utilizada(AU)

Introduction: social networks play a fundamental role in the way young people perceive and relate to other people, the world and information. Is it possible to use the information and communications technologies present in everyday life as learning tools in school life?. Objective: evaluate the opinion of dental students from the Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil, about the use of social networks -Facebook, Instagram and Whatsapp- as facilitators in biosafety training. Methods: the study sample was the students attending the course Biosafety and Ergonomics 2 (n= 53), who filled in a Google electronic form evaluating the adherence, applicability and usefulness of social networks as educational platforms. Results: data analysis revealed an increase in the use of social networks: 94.3 percent (Facebook), 100 percent (Whatsapp) and 88.7 percent (Instagram). All the students surveyed referred to Facebook as a useful tool for the subject, and 60.4 percent stated that its main strengths are its ease of access and the possibility of retrieving educational materials published in the website of the subject. Whatsapp was ranked as useful by all the students, with quick doubt clarification as the most commonly cited strength (58.5 percent). Use of Instagram was evaluated as good by 92.5 percent of the students surveyed. The main use mentioned was the possibility of obtaining new information in easy-to-read texts. Conclusions: the young students were quite receptive to the incorporation of social networks into Biosafety in Dentistry training, and stated that these would be beneficial to the learning process, with specific uses depending on the social network used(AU)

Risk factors affecting occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among dental students: a cross-sectional study in a Brazilian Federal University

Introduction: Dental students are often exposed to bloodborne pathogens during dental training. Several factors are involved in increased risk of human deficiency, hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus (HIV, HBV, and HCV) infection. However, there are few studies that address the risks and forms of prevention among dental students in Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study of occupational exposure to blood or body fluids among dental students of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, was performed. These students were referred to the Occupational Medicine Department of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre from January 2007 to April 2015. Analyzed data included type of exposure (needlestick injury, mucosal exposure, and exposure to non-intact skin); source patient status for HBV, HIV and HCV infection, accident during dental training, procedure performed, biological material involved, type of accident, and hepatitis B vaccination and serological protection status. The objective was to know the incidence rate and others characteristics of accidents in order to prevent them. Results: There were 312 accidents during the study period of 8 years and 4 months. Incidence rate was 87,42 exposures per 1000 students year. Source patient was known in 297 of the cases (95.2%), of which 3 were HBsAg reagent, 12 were HIV reagent, and 17 were HCV reagent. The majority of accidents occurred during procedure, but nearly as high as 40% occurred after procedure, of which 63% occurred during instrument cleaning, disinfecting or sterilizing. Most involved sharp instruments were anesthetic syringe needle and curette. Only 48% of dental students knew their antiHBs was > 10 mIU/mL. Conclusions: Dental students should be tested for hepatitis B immune status at the beginning of training, and vaccination should be available to all dental students before they start clinical practice. Work practice controls on sharp devices should be addressed at the beginning and strengthened during dental training. Dental training institutions should review instrumental cleaning process to minimize handling of loose contaminated instruments (AU)

The use of tools to support oral lesion description in oral medicine referrals

Abstract: Poor description of oral lesions jeopardize the prioritization of appointments in Oral Medicine. The present study investigated whether the use of support tools changes the quality of descriptions focusing on health care prioritization. Two oral lesions (A and B) were described by 64 dental students and 48 dentists using three methods: (a) without support tools (free); (b) using the oral examination form from the Specialties Manual in Oral Health/Brazilian Ministry of Health (SMOH form); and (c) using the OralDESC guideline. The descriptions were compared with a gold standard and percentage of agreement was analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests (p<0.05). Descriptions with the OralDESC presented higher information quality. Considering items essential for prioritization, the OralDESC demonstrated better performance for lesion A; for lesion B, free descriptions and descriptions using the OralDESC were of higher quality than those using SMOH form. Therefore, the OralDESC offered greater support for the description of oral lesions for health care prioritization in Oral Medicine.